What is called the first layer skin, what is called real leather, what is called water dyed skin, what is called open edge bead skin, what is called lacquer skin, what is called repair leather, what is called embossed leather, what is called printing or burnt skin, what is called frosted skin, what is called Velvet skin, what is laser skin, what is recycled skin, what is artificial leather?

Looking at the leather industry in the world, leather includes

Leather is made from cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, deer or some other animals, and is made from tanning products and made into leather materials with various properties, strength, touch, color and pattern. It is an essential material for modern leather products.

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Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are three kinds of leather materials used for leather making.

It is divided into two types: head skin and two skin.

　   （1）頭層皮是帶有粒面的牛、羊、豬皮等，皮面有自然的疤痕和血筋痕等，偶爾還有加工過程中的刀傷以及利用率極低的肚腩部位，進口頭層皮還有牛只的編號烙印。全粒面皮可以從毛孔粗細和疏密度來區(qū)分屬于何種動物皮革。

Cowhide

There are many kinds, such as cow skin, meat and cattle hide, cattle hide, cow hide, Bull Hide, Uncastrated Bull Hide and castrated bull skin.

There are also cattle hide, buffalo skin, yak skin and calf skin in China.

Among them, the pores of the buffalo hide are thicker and thinner, while the yellow cattle hide is smaller and thicker than that of the buffalo hide.

The pores of sheep skin are thinner, denser and slightly skewness, mainly consisting of two main categories: sheep skin and goat skin.

Pigskin's rule of long hair is 3-5 branches, so it is easy to distinguish. It is easy to distinguish. Pigskin and pig skin are widely used. The famous wild boar is a wild boar. The boar skin has obvious porcine skin pores and grain characteristics. Because of its special collagen fiber structure, it can be made into very soft garment leather or glove leather, and its value is very high.

In addition, ostrich skin, crocodile skin, short nosed crocodile skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, sea fish skin (shark skin, cod skin, fish skin, eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc.), freshwater fish skin (with grass carp, carp skin and other scaly skin), fur fur fox fur (Yin Hu skin, blue fox skin, etc.), wolf skin, dog skin, rabbit skin and so on are easy to identify, and can not be made of two layers of skin.

The skin of the first layer is made directly from the raw skins of various animals, or the skins of cattle, pigs, horses and other animal skins with thicker cortex are sliced and cut into two layers.

It was processed by chemical material spraying or covered with PVC and PU thin films.

Therefore, the effective way to distinguish the skin of the head and the two layer skin is to observe the fiber density of the longitudinal section of the skin.

The skin of the first layer is composed of a dense thin fibrous layer and a slightly loose overlayer which is closely connected with it. It has good strength, elasticity and process plasticity.

The two layer of leather is only a loose fibrous tissue layer. It can only be used for making leather products only after spraying chemical raw materials or polishing. It maintains certain natural elasticity and process plasticity, but its strength is poor, and its thickness is the same as that of the head skin.

There are also various kinds of leather used for fashion production today, but there are some differences in the processing technology.

Next, I would like to give you a detailed introduction of various experiences.

　   1 、水染皮：指用牛、羊、豬、馬、鹿等頭層皮漂染各種顏色，上鼓摔松，并上光加工而成的各種軟皮。 

　   2 、開邊珠皮：又稱為貼膜皮革，是沿著脊梁拋成兩半，并修去松皺的肚腩和四肢部分的頭層皮或二層的開邊牛皮，在其表面貼合各種凈色、金屬色、瑩光珍珠色、幻彩雙色或多色的 PVC 薄膜加工而成。 

　   3 、漆皮：用二層皮坯噴涂各色化工原料后壓光或消光加工而成的皮革。 

　   4 、修面皮：是較差的頭層皮坯，表面進行拋光處理，磨去表面的疤痕和血筋痕，用各種流行色皮漿噴涂后，壓成粒面或光面效果的皮。 

　   5 、壓花皮：一般選用修面皮或開邊珠皮來壓制各種花紋或圖案而成。比如，仿鱷魚紋、蜥蜴紋、鴕鳥皮紋、蟒蛇皮紋、水波紋、美觀的樹皮紋、荔枝紋、仿鹿紋等，還有各種條紋、花格、立體圖案或反映各種品牌形象的創(chuàng)意圖案等。 

　   6 、印花或烙花皮：選料同壓花皮一樣，只是加工工藝不同，是印刷或燙烙成有各種花紋或圖案的頭層或二層皮。 

　   7 、磨砂皮：將皮革表面進行拋光處理，并將粒面疤痕或粗糙的纖維磨蝕，露出整齊均潤的皮革纖維組織后再染成各種流行顏色而成的頭層或閆ぁ? 

　   8 、反絨皮：也叫猄皮，是將皮坯表面打磨成絨狀，再染出各種流行顏色而成的頭層皮。 

　   9 、激光皮：也叫鐳射皮，引用激光技術(shù)在皮革表面蝕刻各種花紋圖案的最新皮革品種。 

　　二、再生皮：將各種動物的費皮及真皮下腳料粉碎后，調(diào)配化工原料加工制作而成。其表面加工工藝同真皮的修面皮、壓花皮一樣，其特點是皮張邊緣較整齊、利用率高、價格便宜；但皮身一般較厚，強度較差，只適宜制作平價公文箱、拉桿袋、球桿套等定型工藝產(chǎn)品和平價皮帶，其縱切面纖維組織均勻一致，可辨認出流質(zhì)物混合纖維的凝固效果。 

　　三、人造革：也叫仿皮或膠料，是PVC和 PU 等人造材料的總稱。它是在紡織布基或無紡布基上，由各種不同配方的 PVC 和 PU 等發(fā)泡或覆膜加工制作而成，可以根據(jù)不同強度、耐磨度、耐寒度和色彩、光澤、花紋圖案等要求加工制成，具有花色品種繁多、防水性能好、邊幅整齊、利用率高和價格相對真皮便宜的特點，但絕大部分的人造革，其手感和彈性無法達到真皮的效果；它的縱切面，可看到細微的氣泡孔、布基或表層的薄膜和干干巴巴的人造纖維。

It is a very popular material from the early stage until now. It is widely used to produce various leather products or some of the genuine leather materials.

Its increasingly advanced manufacturing process is being widely used in the manufacture of two layers of leather.

Nowadays, the leather like leather with the characteristics of leather has been produced, and its surface technology is almost the same as that of domestic leather.

Editor: vivi