< p > < strong > last type design < /strong > < /p >.

< p > < a href= "//m.pmae.cn/news/index_x.asp > > shoe last < /a > is the fixture of shoes.

In first Century BC, Beh Crane Naim (the ancient city of southwestern Italy) frescoes had shoemaking figures from shoes.

In 1961, two wooden pits in Tang Dynasty were excavated at the site of the city of Ni Ya in Minfeng County, Xinjiang: one for men's shoe last, 24cm for length and 8cm for width, the other for women's shoe last, long 21.5cm and wide 7cm.

The earliest workshop in China was the Wangji shoe last workshop opened by Wang Arong, Shanghai in 1851.

In 1855, there was a mechanism shoe last in the United States.

It was not until twentieth Century that there was a manufacturing industry.

There are 3 kinds of shoe last: wood, plastic and metal.

The design principle of shoe last is based on the foot shape, according to the shoe size series standard, according to < a href= "//m.pmae.cn/news/index_x.asp" > shoes structure < /a > technology and style.

The shoe last design includes the last bottom design and the last body design.

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< p > < strong > last bottom design < /strong > < /p >

< p > last bottom is the foundation of shoe last design.

It is based on the footprints of healthy standard feet and foot size < a href= "//m.pmae.cn/news/index_x.asp" > rule < /a >, based on the modification of experience.

Because the foot has expansion and contraction under moving, static, cold and hot conditions, the length of the last bottom must be greater than the length of the foot.

After the design is finished, the design of the last body is carried out on the profile of the bottom.

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< p > < strong > last body design < /strong > < /p >

< p > the design of last body cross section.

In the design, the height and angle of each section should be specified according to the size of the last bottom and the size of the shoe last, and then the outline of the last curve can be described by practical experience.

In the design of last body, reasonable arrangement should be made for some key dimensions of shoe last according to footwear and style.

主要有：①前蹺高：楦底前端點在基礎(chǔ)坐標(biāo)里的高度;②踵心墊高：楦體前掌凸度部位著地后，在達(dá)到要求的前蹺高時＜a href="//m.pmae.cn/news/index_x.asp"＞踵心部位＜/a＞所墊的高度;③后身高：楦體統(tǒng)口后點到楦底后端點的直線距離;④踵心凸度：楦底踵心部位點相對于踵心內(nèi)外寬度點凸起的程度;⑤前掌凸度：楦底前凸度部位點相對于第一跖趾關(guān)節(jié)里寬點和第五跖趾關(guān)節(jié)外寬點凸起的程度;⑥統(tǒng)口長：統(tǒng)口前后點之間的直線長度;⑦頭厚：楦底腳趾端點部位的厚度;⑧統(tǒng)口寬：統(tǒng)口中間部位的寬度;⑨后跟弧度:楦體統(tǒng)口后點與楦底后端點之間的凸凹程度;⑩統(tǒng)口后高：楦底踵心墊高后，統(tǒng)口后端點至著地面的垂直高度。

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< p > < strong > modeling design < /strong > < /p >.

< p > the design of shoes is generally divided into 3 parts: preliminary design, sample design and bottom design.

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< p > < strong > initial design < /strong > < /p >.

< p > in the consideration of the basic requirements of the coordination and coordination of shoes and garments, and based on the basic principles of practicality, beauty, comfort and economy, we draw up sketches, annotate sketches, indicate the composition of raw materials (including categories, colors, performances) and process structure (sewing, molding, cold bonding, injection molding, etc.), as well as the size and specification of components.

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< p > < strong > < a > href= > //m.pmae.cn/news/index_x.asp > > sample > /a > Design > /strong > /p >

< p > generally adopt two methods.

Peel off method: use paper, plastic film and other materials, tighten tightly on the surface of the shoe last, and then depict the various parts of the shoe on the last body, and then peel off the shoe last. After experience processing, we can get the plane pattern fitting with the shape of the last surface.

(2) drawing method: using the geometric drawing method of triangular approximation, the complex shoe last surface is pformed into the spreading plane, and the help sample is directly designed in the spreading plane.

In order to match the shape of the flat surface with the surface shape of the shoe last, it is necessary to handle the seesaw of the shoe, lifting or lowering the seesaw of the shoe head.

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< p > < strong > bottom design < /strong > < /p >

< p > generally refers to the design of various parts attached to the sole of shoes, such as the inside of the leather shoes (the sole of the sole), the sole (touching the sole of the floor), the welt (the edge seam of the sole or the strip member sticking to the lower part of the upper part of the shoe), the design of the inner Baotou (the front part between the front and the side of the shoe), and the main heel (the styling part between the heel part and the side).

The design of bottom parts is related to the overall shape of shoes, especially the heel of women's shoes.

The sole pattern of sports shoes should be designed according to the principle of biomechanics and the sole material, so as to enhance the shockproof, skid resistant and wear-resisting properties of sole.

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< p > < strong > the application of computer in shoe design < /strong > < /p >

< p > early 70s, microelectronics technology introduced < a href= "//m.pmae.cn/news/index_x.asp" > shoemaking industry < /a >.

First, it is used on the lofting machine.

In the near future, the computer aided design (CAD) system was gradually applied in some developed countries, which made the design of shoes change dramatically.

The new product GM-510 micro processor system introduced by the United States in 1985, reflects the functional status and technical level of the contemporary CAD shoemaking design system, which enables designers to do the following: first, collect and digitize the information such as shoe and thumbnail, and digitize it; observe the shape of the shoes through the color images of the computer terminal screen, observe the shape of the shoes and modify them; (3) automatically enlarge the template; (4) draw up the parts template, production drawings and color pictures; (5) store information and accumulate shoe styles.

The other CAD system developed by the company is named Apex, in addition to the above functions, the 3D digital converter can display the stereoscopic model of the shoe last on the screen. The designer can directly draw shoes on the shoe last model, and can modify, move, rotate, zoom, and so on on the screen.

The CAD system can greatly improve the design speed of shoes, the shoe is more precise, and the design process is more flexible and free.

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