< p > with the continuous rising of labor costs, the cost of cotton production and labor increases year by year. According to the survey, the physical and chemical costs of cotton planting (excluding labor) in Dezhou, Shandong Province in 2013 amounted to 538 yuan / mu, including fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, harrowing, machine sowing, plastic film mulching, irrigation, and cotton drying. If the cotton planting area is large and the employees pick up cotton, the average cost is 1.6 yuan / kg, and the average cost is more than 360 yuan per mu. If the yield is 450 Jin per mu, and the average selling price is 8.5 yuan / kg, the output value of Mu is 1912 yuan. If the farmers use their own land and pick up their own cotton, they do not include labor cost, the cost of materialization is 538 yuan per mu, and the yield of Mu is 1374 yuan. If it is calculated on the basis of renting land and hiring people to collect cotton, the cost of Mu has reached 1288 yuan, and the yield per mu is only 624 yuan. Grain yield: the average yield per mu is 1060 kg, the average yield of corn is 1100 Jin, the average wheat yield is 2.4 yuan / kg, the corn is 2.2 yuan / kg, and the output value of seed grain is 2482 yuan. The physicochemical cost of wheat is 540 yuan / mu and corn physicochemical cost is 520 yuan / mu. The output value of Mu is less than the cost of planting (excluding labor cost) plus the grain subsidy of 125 yuan per mu, and the income of grain Mu is 1547 yuan. In comparison with grain crops, the cotton yield per mu is less than 173 yuan without calculating the labor cost. They are highly mechanized and employ less. < /p >
< p > if we want to stabilize the domestic cotton area and output, we must raise the < a href= "http://m.pmae.cn/news/list.aspx Classid=101112107" > the mechanization level < /a >, especially the mechanization level of harvesting. Compared with the advanced cotton growing countries, China's cotton production mode is lagging behind, with a small scale, low labor efficiency and relatively high production costs. In the United States, the picking cost of seed cotton is about 80 yuan per mu, which is only 1/5~1/16 of China's cotton picking cost. The United States produces an average of 0.5 working days for producing 50 kilograms of lint, compared with about 12 in China. < /p >
< p > cotton production mechanization is the fundamental way out. Cotton picker is the key link of cotton whole process mechanization. At present, about 30% of the world's cotton is picked by machines. The mechanized harvest rate of the developed countries in the United States, Australia, South America and other developed countries reaches 100%. Some of the middle developed agricultural countries such as Spain, Bulgaria, Greece and so on are also picked by machinery; and the cotton picking technology in Argentina and Brazil has developed rapidly. The cotton planting area in China is about 70 million mu. In 2012, the machine production rate was only 8.26%, and it was mainly concentrated in Xinjiang cotton area. The pilot production experiment in Huang Huai cotton region has just begun. Mechanical harvesting experiments in late autumn of 2013 in Shandong, Binzhou, Weifang, Dezhou and Henan Anyang showed that the net rate of picking cotton picking machine was 87.4%~93.3%, the harvesting efficiency was 7~10 mu / h, the impurity content was about 7.4%, the net rate of the finger type cotton picker was 86.3%~92.5%, the recovery efficiency was 6~8 mu / h, and the impurity content was about 10.8%. < /p >
< p > cotton production mechanization is the inevitable trend of development of < a href= "http://m.pmae.cn/news/list.aspx Classid=101112102" > modern agriculture < /a >. At present, the cotton planting in Northwest China's inland cotton area has become a piece of film. There are about 6 million mu of machine picked cotton area. The cotton planting in the Yellow River Delta area is relatively centralized, and the planting area of one farmer can reach dozens of mu or even more than 100 mu, which is conducive to popularizing cotton mechanical picking. < /p >
< p > cotton production mechanization in the Huang Huai Hai area has just started and is in the exploratory stage. At present, there are still some problems and difficulties, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: first, the peasants are not fully aware of the situation and are in a wait-and-see state. Two, we should breed early maturing varieties suitable for the climate and machine production in the mainland, with short boll dates, early and concentrated pods. Three, the mode of machine picked cotton is different from traditional planting. It needs to be grown in large scale and should adapt to the new pattern quickly. The four is < a href= "http://m.pmae.cn/news/list.aspx? Classid=101112108 > cotton picker < /a > expensive. At present, most cotton pickers used in China are imported machinery, which is more than 2 million yuan per unit. Without the guarantee of area, enterprises and professional cooperatives are afraid to purchase. The five is that the present cotton ginning factory does not have its matching process. To process the machine pick up cotton, it is necessary to spend money on the purchase of cleaning equipment. < /p >
< p > raising the level of mechanization of cotton production is a systematic project. It is necessary for domestic cotton pickers to make continuous innovations and improve their technological processes according to the characteristics of domestic cotton production. We need to synchronize the development of various links from cotton varieties, cultivation and management to harvesting. We need local governments to co-ordinate the layout, scale planting, and cooperate with other departments such as agriculture, agricultural machinery, supply and marketing, and agricultural technology to provide technical support. < /p >