With the progress of science and technology, the application scope of textiles is more and more extensive. In addition to meeting the dress function of human general dress, it has also begun to infiltrate in the fields of geotechnical engineering, agriculture, architecture, medical treatment and hygiene. In 1980, the United States Atlanta Airport first used modified polyacrylonitrile fiber nonwoven materials to cover the walls, which is superior to other materials. Since then, some western countries and Japan began to study and use construction textiles.

Classification of building textiles

Building textiles refer to textiles used as special building materials in the field of construction, mainly including fiber reinforced concrete, waterproof materials, membrane structure materials and sound insulation materials.

Fiber reinforced concrete

Fiber reinforced concrete is a general term for composite materials consisting of short fibers and cement based materials with a certain aspect ratio. It is mainly used for residential buildings, swimming pools, warehouses and walls. The main types of fiber concrete are steel fiber reinforced concrete, glass fiber reinforced concrete, polypropylene fiber concrete, plant fiber concrete and high elastic modulus synthetic fiber concrete.

Waterproof material

There are no uniform definitions of waterproof materials. Generally speaking, materials that prevent rainwater, underground water, industrial and civilian water supply and drainage, corrosive liquids, moisture and steam in the air and other buildings invading buildings are collectively referred to as waterproof materials, which are mainly applied to roofs and external walls of buildings.

Membrane structure materials

Membrane structure materials are made of fabrics of excellent performance. They are inflated to the membrane or tightened by flexible cables and rigid support structures, thus forming a structural system with a certain stiffness and covering large span space. At present, most of the membrane structures used in buildings are coated fabrics. The inner layer is generally woven fabric as the base material, and the outer layer as coating. It is widely used in large buildings such as sports venues, conference centers, exhibition halls and shopping malls.

Sound insulation material

Sound insulation materials are generally applied to the interior of buildings. Sound insulation materials can improve audibility, maintain the authenticity of sound in local environment, and apply them to decorative drapes and textile wall coverings. For example, the curtain of common cinema in life has good sound absorption effect. Thermal insulation material is used to wrap around the house and block the entry of external moist air to achieve insulation effect. There is a big gap between our country and the developed countries in the use and R & D of insulation and insulation materials for buildings. We still need to increase development efforts to solve technical problems, so that the sound insulation materials developed are suitable for wide application and popularization in China.

Advantages of textiles in architecture

(1) it can greatly shorten the construction period, significantly save construction materials and reduce construction costs.

(2) the quality of the structure can be greatly reduced. The quality of the fabric shell is only 1/30 of the quality of the conventional building shell, such as brick and cement.

(3) the construction of large span buildings is required by large public places, gymnasiums and exhibition halls.

(4) it can withstand earthquake and other serious destructive forces, and is not susceptible to mechanical damage. Once damaged, it is easier to repair.

(5) the appearance of various shapes can be designed at will, and the installation and dismantling are flexible.