?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ???? ? ??? ??

* ?? ??? ????

* ???? (????, ??? ?? ?? ??)

* ?? ?? ??

*??

* ??

* ??

* ????

* ?? ??

1.1 ?? ?? (??)

??: uuuuuuxu

?? ??: uuuuxu

?? ??: uuuxu

1.u

2.u

3. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.

???? ?? ???? ???.

(?? ?? ?? ?? ?? …………….

??

4. ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ??.

??? ? uxu ? ??

5.(??? ??)? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??.

uuuuuuuuuxuuxuuuuuxuuuxuuuuuxuu

(??? ??)

??: uuxuuuxu

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?? ??: uuuuxuuxuu

??: uuuuuxu

1.2 ??? (??)

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuusuuuu????

???? ?:

??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?, ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? u ??? ?? (???) ?? ?????.

? ???? ???? ??? (??? ??, ??, ????) ? ?? ?? ?? (?? ?? (?? ?? ??) ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? 1?? ????, ?? ??? ???? ububu???.

① ?? ???

② ?? ?? ??

③ ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??.

?? ???? ???? ??? ????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ?, ???? ??? ??? ?? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????.

?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. [uduxu ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????.

??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????.

??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?, ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ???? (??? ??)? ??? ???.

?? ???? ???? ??, ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ????.

uuuuxuuxumu?

uuuxuuxu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

??? ??

?? ??

??? ??

(?? ??)uuuuxuu

1.3 ????? (??)

??

??? ?? ?? ???

??? ??: uuuuuuuuuuxu

1

2

3

4

5

6

?? ??

??

??

??

??

?? (4? × ?5?)

?? ??

??? ??: u

??: ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??.

??2

?? ?? ???

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

?? ??

??

??

??

??

?? (4? × ?5?)

???

?? ??

??? ??: uuuuuuuuuxu

??? ??

??: ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??.

1.4 ?? (??)

uuxuuuxu uxu u u

??? ?? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?.

1. ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ????.

? ?? ?? ???, ??, ??, ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ????.

(a) ?? ???;

(b) ???? ???;

(c) ??? ?? ??;

(d) ??? ?? ??

??

? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.

??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.

?? ?? ??? ???? ???, ? ????? ???? ??.

2. ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????.

3. ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????: ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????.

4. ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??, ??, ??, ??? ??? ??.

? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??.

?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???.

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuubuuubu????

uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

??? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ????, ?? ? ??? ???? ??.

?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????.

???? ????

??? ??: u

?? ??

??? ???

??? ???

uuuuuuuuuuxuuuuuuuuuuuuxuuuuuuuuuuuuubu

??: uuuuuuuxu

1.5 ?? ??? ???

??? ??

uu uxu? ?? ?? ??

? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

uuuxuuxuxue???????? ??? ? ????. ?? ??? ? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?, ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. uuuubu

a) ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????

b) ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????

c) ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ??????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ???? ?????.

??? ??