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How To Carry Out Personal Career Planning

2008/11/28 11:47:00 41939

Career planning is very important for career success. If you want to get better in the new year, you have to make a career plan for yourself.

So how do we plan our career?

　　如何進(jìn)行個(gè)人職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃

　　職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的雙重視角

Career planning actually includes two levels: one is the personal career planning based on the development of the organization, the other is the career planning based on personal career development.

Any practical career planning should take these two aspects into account.

But for different people, the proportion of their consideration is different. Their differences are balanced by two dimensions of career commitment and organizational commitment.

Career commitment can be defined as "a person's attitude toward his chosen career" or "someone's motivation to work in a selected occupation". Usually, career commitment includes the establishment of personal career goals and the recognition and devotion to these goals.

Personal willingness to devote energy and continuous pursuit of personal career goals can be seen as a high level of career commitment.

The core is occupational commitment and "obsession" with the chosen profession.

Organizational commitment refers to the degree of individual input and recognition to an organization. It consists of three parts: first, the strong belief and acceptance of organizational goals; two, the desire to play a role in the organization; and three, the strong desire to maintain organizational membership.

The interaction between career commitment and organizational commitment on two individual career planning can be illustrated in Figure 1.

Those with higher organizational commitment will be more willing to develop their career in the same organization, while those with higher career commitment will regard the enterprise as a springboard for a stage.

Generally speaking, from the perspective of ease of operation or from the perspective of an enterprise, we are more willing to talk about personal career planning based on organizational development as the main content.

Here we will focus on the way of individual career planning based on organizational development.

　　職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的流程與方法

The career planning process includes seven basic steps: establishing a correct career development belief, self assessment, career opportunity assessment, career orientation, setting development goals, formulating action plans and implementation plans, career assessment and feedback.

　　1、樹(shù)立正確的生涯發(fā)展信念。生涯發(fā)展的信念是事業(yè)成功的基本前提。俗話(huà)說(shuō)“志不定，天下無(wú)可成之事”。立志是人生的起跑點(diǎn)，反映著一個(gè)人的理想、胸懷、情趣和價(jià)值觀，影響著一個(gè)人的奮斗目標(biāo)及成就的大小。所以，在制定生涯規(guī)劃時(shí)，首先要確立人生志向，期望人生取得更大發(fā)展，這是制定職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的關(guān)鍵。

　　2、自我評(píng)估。自我評(píng)估的目的是認(rèn)識(shí)自己，了解自己。因?yàn)橹挥姓J(rèn)識(shí)了自己，才能對(duì)自己的職業(yè)作出正確的選擇。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，自我評(píng)估包括自己的興趣、特長(zhǎng)、性格、學(xué)識(shí)、技能、智商以及組織管理、協(xié)調(diào)、活動(dòng)能力等。

　　3、生涯機(jī)會(huì)的評(píng)估。生涯機(jī)會(huì)的評(píng)估主要是評(píng)估各種環(huán)境對(duì)自己生涯發(fā)展的影響。每一個(gè)人都處在一定的環(huán)境之中，離開(kāi)了這個(gè)環(huán)境，便無(wú)法生存與成長(zhǎng)。所以，在制定個(gè)人的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃時(shí)，要分析環(huán)境條件的特點(diǎn)、環(huán)境的發(fā)展變化情況、自己與環(huán)境的關(guān)系、自己在這個(gè)環(huán)境中的地位、環(huán)境對(duì)自己提出的要求，以及環(huán)境對(duì)自己的有利條件與不利條件等等。只有對(duì)這些環(huán)境因素充分了解，才能做到在復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中避害趨利，使生涯規(guī)劃具有實(shí)際意義。如組織環(huán)境因素評(píng)估包括組織發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、人力資源需求、晉升發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)等等。

　　4、職業(yè)方向定位。通過(guò)自我評(píng)估及生涯機(jī)會(huì)評(píng)估，結(jié)合生涯發(fā)展愿望，我們可初步確立個(gè)人的職業(yè)發(fā)展方向，如具體的行業(yè)/領(lǐng)域、職業(yè)、職位、希望發(fā)展的高度等。

　　5、設(shè)定發(fā)展目標(biāo)。生涯目標(biāo)的設(shè)定是職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的核心。一個(gè)人事業(yè)的成敗，很大程度上取決于有無(wú)正確適當(dāng)?shù)哪繕?biāo)。沒(méi)有目標(biāo)，就如同大海的孤舟，四野茫茫；有了目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)就猶如海洋中的燈塔，引導(dǎo)你避開(kāi)險(xiǎn)礁暗石，走向成功。職業(yè)生涯目標(biāo)的設(shè)定，是以自己的最佳才能、最優(yōu)性格、最大興趣、最有利的環(huán)境等信息為依據(jù)，通常包括人生目標(biāo)、長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)、中期目標(biāo)與短期目標(biāo)的確定，它們分別與人生規(guī)劃、長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃、中期規(guī)劃和短期規(guī)劃相對(duì)應(yīng)。一般，我們首先要根據(jù)個(gè)人的專(zhuān)業(yè)、性格、氣質(zhì)和價(jià)值觀以及社會(huì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)確定自己的人生目標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)，然后再把人生目標(biāo)和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)進(jìn)行分化，根據(jù)個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷和所處的組織環(huán)境制定相應(yīng)的中期目標(biāo)和短期目標(biāo)。

　　6、制定行動(dòng)方案與實(shí)施計(jì)劃。在確定了生涯目標(biāo)后，行動(dòng)變成了關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)。沒(méi)有達(dá)成目標(biāo)的行動(dòng)，就不能達(dá)成目標(biāo)，也就談不上事業(yè)的成功。這里所指的行動(dòng)是指落實(shí)目標(biāo)的具體措施，主要包括工作、訓(xùn)練、教育、輪崗等方面的措施。例如，為達(dá)成目標(biāo)，你通過(guò)什么樣的通道來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)？在工作方面，你計(jì)劃采取什么措施提高你的工作效率？在業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)方面，你計(jì)劃如何提高你的業(yè)務(wù)能力？在潛能開(kāi)發(fā)方面，采取什么措施開(kāi)發(fā)你的潛能？這些都要有具體的計(jì)劃與明確的措施，以便定時(shí)檢查。

　　7、生涯評(píng)估與反饋。俗話(huà)說(shuō)“計(jì)劃趕不上變化”，影響生涯規(guī)劃的因素很多。有的變化因素是可以預(yù)測(cè)的，而有的變化因素難以預(yù)測(cè)。在此狀況下，要使生涯規(guī)劃行之有效，就須不斷地對(duì)生涯規(guī)劃進(jìn)行評(píng)估與修訂。其修訂的內(nèi)容包括：職業(yè)的重新選擇、生涯路線(xiàn)的選擇、人生目標(biāo)的修正、實(shí)施措施與計(jì)劃的變更等等。

職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃的原則

To achieve the smooth implementation of career planning, we must abide by some basic principles.

　　首先，必須實(shí)事求是。準(zhǔn)確的自我認(rèn)識(shí)和自我評(píng)價(jià)是制定個(gè)人職業(yè)計(jì)劃的前提。

　　其次，職業(yè)規(guī)劃方案必須切實(shí)可行。個(gè)人的職業(yè)目標(biāo)一定要同自己的能力、特質(zhì)及工作適應(yīng)性相符合，一個(gè)學(xué)歷不高又無(wú)專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)的員工，卻一心想進(jìn)入管理層，在現(xiàn)代企業(yè)中顯然不切實(shí)際。其次，個(gè)人職業(yè)目標(biāo)和職業(yè)道路的確定，要考慮到客觀環(huán)境條件。例如，在一個(gè)論資排輩的企業(yè)里，剛畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生就不宜把擔(dān)當(dāng)重要管理工作確定為自己的短期職業(yè)目標(biāo)。

　　第三，個(gè)人職業(yè)目標(biāo)要與企業(yè)目標(biāo)協(xié)調(diào)一致。員工是借助于企業(yè)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)的，其職業(yè)計(jì)劃必須要在為企業(yè)目標(biāo)奮斗的過(guò)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)。離開(kāi)企業(yè)的目標(biāo)，便沒(méi)有個(gè)人的職業(yè)發(fā)展，甚至難以在企業(yè)中立足。所以，員工在制定計(jì)劃時(shí)，要與企業(yè)目標(biāo)協(xié)調(diào)一致。

After understanding the above contents, we can carry out our own career planning accordingly.

Of course, you may encounter many difficulties in practical operation, such as "what kind of person am I?"

"Too little career information, no decision!"

"What kind of action plan is better for me?"

Wait.

It is wise to seek professional career advice agencies.