Capital Chain Overwhelms "Shoes Capital", Hundreds Of Enterprises In Jinjiang
人民幣升值、原材料漲價(jià)、宏觀調(diào)控造成銀根緊縮、用工成本上漲、招工難……“前店后廠”的晉江鞋企已經(jīng)對(duì)自己眼下的困難如數(shù)家珍。與前十年埋頭做訂單的情況不同,利潤的一再削薄讓他們的生存環(huán)境日益險(xiǎn)惡。在相當(dāng)一部分企業(yè)因資金問題而變相破產(chǎn)之時(shí),一批規(guī)模企業(yè)正謀求通過上市來籌集急需的資金。
Half of the business went into confusion.
在縱橫交錯(cuò)的3~5層樓的制鞋工廠里,工人們在生產(chǎn)線上忙碌著,樓下并不寬敞的馬路上,本地牌照的寶馬奔馳、外地的集裝箱貨車川流不息。這是中國鞋都——晉江陳埭鎮(zhèn)每天都要重復(fù)的場景。“幾乎每周都有工廠倒閉,不是接不到訂單,是不敢再接訂單了。”日前,在晉江陳埭鎮(zhèn),記者了解到,在春節(jié)前后,有30年制鞋歷史的晉江鞋企發(fā)生了第一輪倒閉潮,先后有上百家工廠關(guān)門停產(chǎn),據(jù)行業(yè)人士分析,這種情況仍將繼續(xù),中小企業(yè)將被逐步淘汰。值得一提的是,這里是361°、德爾惠、金萊克等央視上榜企業(yè)的“故鄉(xiāng)”,這個(gè)僅有38.8平方公里的面積上,曾容納了3000多家鞋企和配套企業(yè),從業(yè)人員超過30萬人,當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽焉a(chǎn)鞋繼而出口到國外作為致富的一大渠道,而眼下,他們不得不考慮新的出路。
“包裝費(fèi)上漲了30%至50%,鞋底漲了30%,技術(shù)工人工資提高了30%。”一邊是人民幣升值和不斷上揚(yáng)的原材料成本、工人工資,另一方面是銀行的銀根緊縮和民間借貸利息的提高,企業(yè)的資金鏈出現(xiàn)空前的窘?jīng)r。
“三角債也能害死人,欠的錢太多,外面的賬也要不回來,許多企業(yè)就這么倒了。”有著兩幢五層樓高廠房的施先生從上世紀(jì)九十年代開始從事鞋業(yè)生意,據(jù)他介紹,大多以家庭式作坊開始的陳埭企業(yè)之間一直有著三角債的關(guān)系,企業(yè)之間彼此拖欠貨款?!案呃J是普遍的融資方式,一般都是幾百萬起互相拆借,在高額利息的壓迫下,許多企業(yè)往往以資產(chǎn)抵債。”據(jù)了解,現(xiàn)在在陳埭鎮(zhèn)的鞋企只及巔峰時(shí)期的一半左右,部分品牌企業(yè)開始外遷,更大部分是資金出現(xiàn)問題的企業(yè)變相破產(chǎn)。
不過在采訪中,記者注意到”愛拼“的陳埭人并不愿意輕言放棄從小就很熟悉的鞋業(yè),雖然只有不到10%的企業(yè)真正有盈利,但他們表示如果有可能,還會(huì)繼續(xù)經(jīng)營。“要照顧工人的生存問題以及其他的一切開銷,不干是不可能的。”
有資料顯示,90%的晉江鞋企融資出現(xiàn)困難、80%依賴出口的企業(yè)進(jìn)退維谷。根據(jù)晉江市官方統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,2008年一季度,全市712家制鞋企業(yè)納稅人中,有309家國稅入庫同比下滑或零入庫,同比減收3277萬元,下降了40%。
Building a "Jinjiang plate" by shuffling the cards
針對(duì)上述危機(jī),2006年底,福建省成立了第一個(gè)地方級(jí)上市辦——晉江上市辦開始開展實(shí)質(zhì)性工作,準(zhǔn)備為廣大鞋企解決資金的燃眉之急。2007年3月,深交所福建省首席代表蘭邦華掛職晉江,擔(dān)任市長助理,輔助當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)上市,他也是深交所第一個(gè)派到縣級(jí)市掛職的專業(yè)人才。
In the turmoil of small and medium-sized enterprises in bankruptcy and pformation, large-scale enterprises in Jinjiang are brewing a big campaign - listing financing. Anta (02020, HK) was successfully listed in Hongkong in 2007.
,今年6月第二家晉江體育用品公司特步國際(01368,HK)在港交所掛牌交易。而同為晉江鞋類運(yùn)動(dòng)品牌的匹克、喬丹運(yùn)動(dòng)、361°等也進(jìn)入上市倒計(jì)時(shí)。這個(gè)年產(chǎn)10億雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋,市場份額占全國40%、全球20%的中國最大鞋業(yè)基地,高調(diào)宣布將在2010年前打造出“晉江板塊”。
“截至目前,晉江擬上市企業(yè)有65家,后備上市企業(yè)有49家?!碧m邦華在接受《每日經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞》采訪時(shí)表示,為了鼓勵(lì)更多晉江企業(yè)上市,打造證券市場的晉江板塊,除了之前兌現(xiàn)的1560萬元財(cái)政獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)外,今年晉江市政府?dāng)M再拿出2000多萬元用于鼓勵(lì)上市公司與上市后備企業(yè)。
It is understood that 10 listed companies in Jinjiang have successfully raised 8 billion yuan.
In addition to financing, Lan Banghua thinks listing is the main way to help Jinjiang enterprises pform from family management to modern management. He pointed out that many "husband and wife shops" and family businesses were early. Long benefit from the family management mode, but when the enterprise develops to a certain stage, when the family talent is not competent for the development speed of the enterprise, it is necessary to establish a modern enterprise system with the help of professional managers.
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